यदि आप सरकारी परीक्षा की तैयारी करते है, तो उसमें सफलता के लिए शब्दों पर विशेष पकड़ आवश्यक होती है। 'शब्दावली (Vocabulary)' प्रत्येक परीक्षा में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। कई बैंकिंग और सरकारी परीक्षाएं, जैसे कि IBPS PO, क्लर्क, IBPS RRB, SSC, CGL, CPO, CHSL, Stenographer, MTS, राज्य स्तरीय परीक्षा, अन्य परीक्षाएं आदि हैं और कई परीक्षा ऐसी है, जिसमें अभ्यर्थियों से निबंध लेखन और Synonyms तथा Antonym से संबंधित प्रश्न पूछे जाते है। इसको ध्यान में रखते हुए हम यहाँ आपको दैनिक आधार पर द हिंदू 'शब्दावली (Vocabulary)' में 10 नए शब्द तथा Synonyms और Antonym के साथ बता रहे है। प्रदान करते हैं जो आपको आगामी परीक्षाओं में लाभान्वित करेंगे।
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| Editorial with Vocabulary, English Vocab |
Shot in the arm: on
potential vaccine candidates
Close
on the heels of the multinational, Pfizer, announcing promising results from
its ongoing phase-3 trial of a potential COVID-19 vaccine, Moderna, the
U.S.-based biotechnology firm, has indicated similar news from human trials
(again phase 3) of its m-RNA vaccine. An analysis of 95 of the nearly 30,000
volunteers — they are exclusively from the United States — who tested positive,
revealed that 90 had only got a placebo and five
the double-vaccine shots. This led to the vaccine being declared as ‘94.5%
effective’ and well past the U.S. FDA’s requirement that a potential vaccine
must be at least 50% effective. Encouragingly, the company also said that 11
volunteers manifested moderate to severe disease and all of them were those who
did not get the real vaccine. This is a sign that the vaccine is successful in
its primary job of protection though its efficacy at curbing disease
transmission is still to be evaluated. The results were announced as a company
news release and not in a scientific journal, implying
that a review by independent experts is pending.
Moderna’s
results, like Pfizer’s, are a boost for a new approach to vaccine design. The
m-RNA class of vaccines are a synthetic construction of a piece of genetic
machinery that viruses need to replicate. There
are twin advantages. No physical part of a virus is introduced, reducing the
odds of adverse reactions, and the number of doses can be quickly scaled up as
they do not need mammalian cells. The cons are
that such vaccines have never been commercially produced and require sub-zero
refrigeration facilities, which is a rarity in most of the world. In the case
of Moderna, there is more optimism as the company claimed that the vaccine was
able to survive for 30 days — and not the supposed seven — in a refrigerator
and could last 12 hours at room temperature. Its vaccine is primarily for the
U.S. However, this vaccine, unlike Pfizer’s, was developed with support from
the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations and other global alliances.
Under this arrangement, member-countries, and this includes India, are in line
to get a minimum number of doses, however few, to cover a fraction of their population
on priority basis. Moderna says it can ready 20 million doses by the year end.
By late next year, this can be ramped up to the
billions but by then it is expected that several more vaccines that are in
large trials, including those in India, will be available. India does not stand
to directly and immediately gain significantly from Moderna. However, every
vaccine candidate that passes a significant hoop
is a win for the world as it opens the way to new practices and ways of
applying science that would have been otherwise implausible
in the pre-pandemic world.
Placebo (Noun)-
कूटभेषज
a
medicine or procedure prescribed for the psychological benefit to the patient
rather than for any physiological effect.
Imply (Verb)- परोक्ष रूप से अथवा बिना
कुछ कहे किसी बात का संकेत करना
to
suggest something in an indirect way or without actually saying it
Synonyms: allude, hint, indicate, infer, insinuate, intimate,
suggest
Antonyms:
announce, declare,
proclaim, elucidate, explain, spell out, delineate, describe
Replicate (Verb)-
किसी वस्तु की प्रतिकृति या
हूबहू नक़ल करना या बनाना
to
copy something exactly
Synonyms: clone, copy, copycat, duplicate, imitate, reduplicate,
render, reproduce
Antonyms:
create, imagine,
initiate, invent
Mammalian (Adjective)- स्तनधारी
relating
to or denoting a mammal.
"cats
and other mammalian predators"
Ramp (Verb)- बढ़ाना
as
in step up, boost
Synonyms: boost, elevate, jack (up), mount, step up, enhance,
enlarge, enrich, expand, extend, maximize
Antonyms:
abate, decline (in),
diminish (in), dip, dwindle, fall (in), lessen, taper, taper off
decrease
(in), lose
Hoop (Noun)- घेरा
a
circular band of metal, wood, or similar material, especially one used for
binding the staves of barrels or forming part of a framework.
Synonyms: band, circle, eye, loop, ring, round
Implausible
(Adjective)- अकल्पनीय
(of
an argument or statement) not seeming reasonable or probable; failing to
convince.
"this
is a blatantly implausible claim"
Synonyms: fantastic (also fantastical), inconceivable, incredible,
incredulous, unbelievable, uncompelling, unconceivable, unconvincing,
unimaginable, unthinkable
Antonyms: likely, possible, probable, reasonable, certain, incontestable, indisputable, indubitable, questionless, sure, undeniable, undoubted, unquestionable
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