यदि आप सरकारी परीक्षा की तैयारी करते है, तो उसमें सफलता के लिए शब्दों पर विशेष पकड़ आवश्यक होती है। 'शब्दावली (Vocabulary)' प्रत्येक परीक्षा में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। कई बैंकिंग और सरकारी परीक्षाएं, जैसे कि IBPS PO, क्लर्क, IBPS RRB, SSC, CGL, CPO, CHSL, Stenographer, MTS, राज्य स्तरीय परीक्षा, अन्य परीक्षाएं आदि हैं और कई परीक्षा ऐसी है, जिसमें अभ्यर्थियों से निबंध लेखन और Synonyms तथा Antonym से संबंधित प्रश्न पूछे जाते है। इसको ध्यान में रखते हुए हम यहाँ आपको दैनिक आधार पर द हिंदू 'शब्दावली (Vocabulary)' में 10 नए शब्द तथा Synonyms और Antonym के साथ बता रहे है। प्रदान करते हैं जो आपको आगामी परीक्षाओं में लाभान्वित करेंगे।
A tool for thought: On Coronavirus pandemic in India
A committee of experts — well-regarded
mathematicians and infectious disease experts — appointed by the Department of
Science and Technology to use mathematical modelling and forecast the course of the pandemic has brought good tidings. By their estimate, India passed its COVID-19
peak in September and the decline in the overall caseload being observed for
nearly a month now is to continue. Active cases, about 7.5 lakh now, are
expected to drop below 50,000 by December, and by February, the pandemic is
likely to extinguish itself with only ‘minimal’
(not zero) infections. While it is reasonable to assume that the seven-member
committee has been scrupulous, the caveat is
that this is still a forecast based on mathematical modelling. There are some
strong assumptions. The decline will continue only if there are no major mutations during winter, protective antibodies are
durable, and current restrictions are maintained. There would be no significant
gains from a strict lockdown beyond the district level, and current containment
measures would suffice, except if there are local outbreaks that threaten to
overwhelm health-care facilities there. Their calculation also showed a peak by
July latest, with anything from six to 15 times the existing infections had
there been no lockdown or if it had been delayed to April.
The purpose of pandemic modelling is to generate a
probabilistic overview of the future and mathematical modelling has become a popular,
creative exercise, with several models and forecasts being made available on
pre-print servers and pending peer-review. The latest model is expected to be
published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research this week, but it appears
to be a quotidian exercise. The datasets it has
relied on are publicly available and the modelling employs a category of models
called SEIR that estimates, within a population, those Susceptible, Exposed,
Infected and Recovered. It is extremely dependent on the quality of data that
is used as an input and relies as much on simplifying assumptions that
sacrifice complexity for comprehension but there
is nothing to suggest, from what is known about the exercise, that it is more
likely to be true than similar estimates from scores of models the world over
that subscribe to a certain degree of rigour.
Experts associated with the pandemic have reiterated many times that
mathematical modelling ought not to be taken literally. The latest assessment
too should then be used not to critique or justify past decisions but dwell
more on the future. For instance, if the model suggests that the pandemic would
extinguish by February with a dramatic dip by December, then should the
accelerated clinical trials of potential vaccines be top priority? Mathematical
models, to be useful, must induce policy or behavioural change to avoid their
own worst-case scenarios and this latest assessment must be seen — no more, no
less — as a tool to this end.
1.
Forecast (noun) - पूर्वानुमान
to say (with the help of information) what will
probably happen in the future
Synonyms: auguring,
augury, bodement, cast, forecasting, foretelling,
Antonyms: describe,
narrate, recite, recount, relate, report, tell
2.
Tidings (noun) - समाचार, सूचना
a report of recent events or facts
not previously known
Synonyms:
information, intelligence, item, news, story,
Antonyms: describe,
narrate, recite, recount, relate, report, tell
3.
Extinguish
(Verb) - (आग) बुझाना
to cause
something to stop burning
Synonyms: blanket,
douse (also dowse), put out, quench, snuff (out),
Antonyms: fire,
ignite, inflame (also enflame), kindle, light
4.
Scrupulous (Adjective)- अति सावधान या ब्योरों पर अधिक ध्यान देने वाला
very careful
or paying great attention to detail
Synonyms: conscientious,
conscionable, ethical, honest, honorable, just, moral, principled
Antonyms: cutthroat,
dishonest, dishonorable, immoral, unconscionable, unethical, unjust,
unprincipled, unscrupulous
5.
Mutations (noun) -किसी सजीव या विकासशील वस्तु की मूल आनुवंशिक संरचना में परिवर्तन, उत्परिवर्तन; उत्परिवर्तन का उदाहरण
a change in the basic (genetic) structure of a
living or developing thing; an example of such a change
Synonyms: conversions,
deformations, distortions, metamorphoses, transfigurations,
Antonyms: fixations,
stabilizations
6. Quotidian (Adjective)-दैनिक
of or occurring every day; daily.
"the car sped noisily off through the quotidian
traffic"
Synonyms: common,
common or garden [chiefly British], commonplace, everyday, familiar,
Antonyms: extraordinary,
infrequent, rare, seldom, uncommon, unfamiliar, unusual
7.
Comprehension
(noun)- समझने की योग्यता, बोधन-क्षमता
the ability to understand
Synonyms: appreciation,
apprehension, grasp, grip, hold, perception, percipience, understanding,
Antonyms: incomprehension,
noncomprehension
8.
Rigour
(noun) - बहुत सावधानी और बारीकी से कुछ करने की क्रिया
doing something carefully with great attention to
detail
Synonyms:
accuracy, accurateness, closeness, delicacy, exactitude, exactness,
fineness,
Antonyms: coarseness,
impreciseness, imprecision, inaccuracy, inexactitude, inexactness, roughness
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